While the fire of 2019 destroyed the wood and the lead roof, the world collectively feared for the cathedral’s famous glass. Because stained glass is incredibly fragile, intense heat can crack it, while cold water from fire hoses can cause it to shatter instantly.
Miraculously, the three Great Rose Windows survived the catastrophe and held firm. Today, they look better than ever because the surrounding walls have been meticulously cleaned. Consequently, the contrast between the bright stone and the deep, colored glass is absolutely stunning.
The West Rose (The Oldest)
Located above the main entrance, this window is visible from the outside; however, you must be inside to truly appreciate the light passing through it.
- Date: Built around 1225.
- Condition: It underwent heavy restoration during the 19th century.
- Theme: The window depicts the Virgin Mary in the center, surrounded by virtues and vices to represent the ongoing struggle of human life.
The North Rose (The Blue Window)
If you walk to the left side of the crossing, you will find the North Rose. Since this window faces north, it never receives direct sunlight.
- Color: The glass is predominantly blue. This was a specific choice, as the blue glass glows beautifully in the cool, ambient light.
- Authenticity: Notably, this window retains the most original 13th-century glass in the entire cathedral.
- Theme: Focused on the Old Testament, it shows prophets and kings waiting for the Messiah.
The South Rose (The Red Window)
On the opposite side facing the river, the South Rose receives the hot midday sun.
- Color: To counter the bright sunlight, the artists used more red and green tones.
- History: This window has suffered over the years; for instance, it leaned dangerously in the 1800s and required rotation to fix the alignment.
- Theme: Dedicated to the New Testament, it features Christ surrounded by apostles and martyrs.
Beyond the Roses: The Clerestory Windows
Although the Rose Windows receive most of the fame, you should not ignore the other glass. The “Clerestory” refers to the upper level of massive windows running along the nave.
These windows were enlarged in the 13th century specifically to bring in more light. While many of these are 19th-century geometric designs rather than detailed figures, they still create a breathtaking pattern of colored light on the floor.
The Restoration Process
During the recent restoration, glass experts carefully removed centuries of grime. Rather than removing the glass from the lead frames entirely, they cleaned them in place or in specialized workshops whenever possible. As a result, significantly more light now enters the cathedral than before the fire.
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